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quinta-feira, 20 de outubro de 2011

U.S. government releases environmental, health, and safety research strategy for nanotechnology


The Federal Government (USA) today released a national strategy for ensuring that environmental, health, and safety research needs are fully identified and addressed in the fast-growing field of nanotechnology.
The 2011 NNI Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Research Strategy provides an integrated research framework to guide all Federal agencies participating in the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), the Federal Government's ten-year-old program for nurturing and coordinating the emerging science of nanotechnology. The research strategy will help the NNI leverage Federal resources and infrastructure to most efficiently produce research data that can be used to protect public health and the environment, while continuing to fuel innovations and capture the value of those innovations for the benefit of the American people.
Drafted to be consistent with the NNI Strategic Plan, which was released in February, the EHS Research Strategy identifies research priorities in order to best drive the responsible development of nanotechnology, one of four main goals of the NNI Strategic Plan. The EHS Research Strategy is grounded in the principles of risk assessment and product life cycle analysis—rational approaches to protecting health and the environment that involve measures of risk at every stage of a product's development, from preliminary handling of raw materials to final disposal of finished products.
The strategy identifies six core categories of research that together can contribute to the responsible development of nanotechnology:
(1) Nanomaterial Measurement Infrastructure,
(2) Human Exposure Assessment,
(3) Human Health,
(4) Environment,
(5) Risk Assessment and Risk Management, and
(6) Informatics and Modeling.
The strategy also aims to address the various ethical, legal, and societal implications of this emerging technology.
Notable elements of the 2011 NNI EHS Research Strategy include:


  • The critical role of informatics and predictive modeling in organizing the expanding nanotechnology EHS knowledge base;





  • Targeting and accelerating research through the prioritization of nanomaterials for research; the establishment of standardized measurements, terminology, and nomenclature; and the stratification of knowledge for different applications of risk assessment; and





  • Identification of best practices for the coordination and implementation of NNI interagency collaborations and industrial and international partnerships.




  • "The EHS Research Strategy provides guidance to all the Federal agencies that have been producing gold-standard scientific data for risk assessment and management, regulatory decision making, product use, research planning, and public outreach," said Dr. Sally Tinkle, NNI EHS Coordinator and Deputy Director of the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO), which coordinates activities of the 25 agencies that participate in the NNI. "This continues a trend in this Administration of increasing support for nanotechnology-related EHS research, as exemplified by new funding in 2011 from the Food and Drug Administration and the Consumer Product Safety Commission and increased funding from both the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."
    Invaluable contributions to the EHS Research Strategy were obtained through public engagement, including a series of workshops and an online portal to solicit feedback from stakeholders, including representatives from industry, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and the public. The strategy also incorporates recommendations received from external reviews of the 2008 NNI Nanotechnology-related EHS Research Strategy produced by the National Academies and a 2009 report from the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
    To highlight the release of this strategy document, describe key features, and answers questions from stakeholders and the public, the NNI is hosting a webinar today, Thursday, October 20, from 12:00 noon-12:45 pm (EDT).
    Source: National Nanotechnology Initiative
    Fonte: NanoWerk
    ______________________________________________

    REFLEXÃO:

    Somente três coisas a serem ditas para que o Brasil persiga: ENGAJAMENTO PÚBLICO e REGULAÇÃO.


    Vejam:
    a) U.S. Government Releases Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Strategy for Nanotechnology

    Responsible development of nanotechnology: Maximizing results while minimizing risk


    Nanotechnology holds the promise of new materials and devices that can be designed and engineered to solve critical questions in almost every sector of our economy – from treating cancer, to cleaning contaminated water, accelerating advanced manufacturing, meeting energy needs, and fixing our roadways and bridges. That's why, for the last 10 years, the United States has engaged in an ambitious effort through the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) to leverage the research programs and resources of Federal agencies and maximize the potential for translating the results of nanotechnology research into products that strengthen the economy and improve our quality of life.
    Nanotechnology is the study and manipulation of matter at a very tiny scale, the nanometer scale. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. If we think in terms of nanometers, asheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick, and a human hair is approximately 80,000 nanometers wide. But nano is not just about being small; unusual things happen at the nanoscale (a term generally understood to mean at a scale less than 100 nanometers). Specifically, unexpected physical, biological, and chemical properties emerge that are not present in the same materials at larger scales. These unique properties are what make nanomaterials useful in ways limited only by our imaginations – allowing certain materials to be extremely strong even as they are incredibly light, or granting materials highly useful electrical or optical properties.
    The Federal Government is committed to the responsible development of nanotechnology so that the benefits to society are maximized while the potential for unintended consequences from nanomaterials' novel properties is minimized. Responsible development of nanotechnology requires an integrated, risk-management-based approach to environmental, health, and safety (EHS) research. Accordingly, NNI participating agencies produced their first NNI strategy for nanotechnology-related EHS research in 2008, and today provide a revised and updated 2011 NNI EHS Research Strategy. This updated strategy reflects the current status of the science and will serve as a guide to agencies as they develop their agency-specific nanotechnology EHS research programs.
    Core research areas addressed in the 2011 strategy include: nanomaterial measurement, human exposure assessment, human health, environment, risk assessment and management, and the new core area of predictive modeling and informatics. Also emphasized in this strategy is a more robust risk assessment component that incorporates product life cycle analysis and ethical, legal, and societal implications of nanotechnology. Most importantly, the strategy introduces principles for targeting and accelerating nanotechnology EHS research so that risk assessment and risk management decisions are based on sound science.
    Progress in EHS research is occurring on many fronts as the NNI EHS research agencies have joined together to plan and fund research programs in core areas. For example, the Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health have researched the safety of nanomaterials used in skin products like sunscreen; the Environmental Protection Agency and Consumer Product Safety Commission are monitoring the health and environmental impacts of products containing silver nanoparticles, and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health has recommended safe handling guidelines for workers in industries and laboratories.
    Source: By Sally Tinkle and Tof Carim; Sally Tinkle is Deputy Director of the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office; Tof Carim is Assistant Director for Nanotechnology at OSTP

    Fonte: NanoWerk

    _________________________________________________

    REFLEXÃO:

    Já que o Brasil pretende estar na linha de frente da nanotecnologia, porque não se espelhar em algumas práticas que lá fora estão ocorrendo? Avaliação de risco, instituição de princípios, regulamentação...etc.

    É imprescindível que isso ocorra, pois do contrário somente produziremos e correremos atrás de se patentear nano sem a mensuração dos riscos. Poderíamos ser polo mundial de avaliação de risco em nanotecnologia e paralelamente tentar competir com as universidades e instituições de fora que possuem (até então) um investimento muito maior que o nosso em desenvolvimento de produtos nano, mas antes que aqui no Brasil crie-se a máxima de que se "não há informações; não há comércio" (
    no date no market)! 



    Vejam:
    a) 
    Responsible Development of Nanotechnology: Maximizing Results while Minimizing Risk
    b) 
    Responsible Development of Nanotechnology: Maximizing Results while Minimizing Risk

    More criticism of EU's nanomaterial definition from ANEC


    After almost 12 months of waiting, ANEC welcomes the adoption of a regulatory definition of nanomaterials by the European Commission, albeit with mixed feelings. We welcome application of the approach according to which the size distribution of a material should be based on the number concentration (i.e. the number of particles), and not on the mass concentration of a nanomaterial product. This is because a small mass concentration may contain the largest number fraction.
    However, we are dismayed that the 1% threshold of the particle number size distribution, as recommended by the many scientific opinions ("Scientific Basis for the Definition of the Term "nanomaterial""; pdf), was abandoned in favour of a 50% threshold, despite a lack of scientific justification. We understand the change was made to reflect opposition expressed during the public consultation phase to the lower threshold, especially from industry.
    ANEC Secretary-General, Stephen Russell, added: "Although we welcome the possibility for this threshold to be lowered where warranted by concerns for the environment, health & safety, in practice, we fear a large number of products will escape regulation, and nano-specific risk assessment, as it will be very difficult to determine whether they are unsafe in a given concentration. The same is true for the 100 nm upper limit in the definition, which will allow bigger nano-particles to be used in consumer products without any nano-specific risk assessment.
    Bearing in mind that products claiming to contain nanomaterials are already widely available for consumers on the European market (see ANEC/BEUC inventory; xls), we call on the European Institutions, who will use this definition, to adhere to the precautionary principle and to ensure the highest levels of consumer protection practicable in their regulation of the nanotechnologies and nanomaterials".
    Source: ANEC
    Fonte: NanoWerk
    ____________________________________________________________


    REFLEXÃO:
    Para quem acompanha sabe quais as minhas opiniões sobre o que foi referido no texto acim. Por isso remeto-vos aos textos anteriores:
    a)
     
    http://nanolei.blogspot.com/2011/10/european-commission-adopts-common.html
    b) http://nanolei.blogspot.com/2011/10/nano-definition-too-narrow-says-eeb.html

    REACH Implementation Projects on Nanomaterials publishes final reports


    Final reports have been published from two REACH Implementation Projects on Nanomaterials (RIP-oN 2&3).
    Commissioned by the JRC's Institute for Health & Consumer Protection, the projects intended to develop specific advice on the implementation of REACH for nanomaterials. The outputs from the projects have been developed over a period of 12-16 months in consultation with a range of stakeholders. The reports have scoped the current state-of-the-science regarding assessment of nanomaterials in the context of REACH, and provide recommendations to the European Commission on how the REACH Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment could be further developed to better address nanomaterials.
    The RIP-oN 2 project has addressed the REACH information requirements on intrinsic properties of nanomaterials, and the information needed for safety evaluation of nanomaterials.
    The RIP-oN 3 project has addressed exposure assessments and hazard and risk characterisation for nanomaterials within the REACH context.
    The projects were undertaken by a consortium led by SAFENANO at the Institute of Occupational Medicine and involving the European Chemical Industry Council (Cefic), the Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA), and Soluzioni Informatiche, which brought together internationally renowned experts from disciplines including physical sciences, life sciences, occupational hygiene, and risk assessment.
    The final reports can be downloaded from the DG Environment webpage.
    If you have further questions regarding these reports, please contact Dr Rob Aitken - SAFENANO Director and Director of Strategic Consulting at IOM. Tel: +44 (0)131 449 8003
    Under a separate process, a third report from the RIPoN activity relating to Substance Identity (Rip-oN 1) has also been published. This report is also available online, however, according to the Commission it was not possible to reach consensus amongst the experts on the recommendations, therefore further work of the Commission, in collaboration with CARACAL, is required before recommendations can be forwarded to ECHA.
    Source: SAFENANO

    Fonte: NanoWerk

    _________________________________________
    Vejam:
    a) Current status of substances and products regulations for nanotechnologies


    Global activist summit on Nanotech calls on Governments to Protect People & Environment


    Some 30 activists representing 14 environmental, technology assessment and consumer organisations from Europe, the United States, Canada and Latin America met for the 4th International Nanotechnology Activist Summit in Berlin on October 6 and 7.
    Nanotechnology uses a powerful new set of technologies to change substances at the very smallest scale so that have new properties that they do not have at a larger scale. 
    Nanomaterials are being used in a variety of products. In the last five years, chemical companies have been introducing more and more consumer products containing nanoparticles. 
    The Wilson Center in the US has found more than 1000 nano-consumer products in the US market, the BEUC/ANEC inventory and the BUND inventory found that more than 800 nano consumer products are being sold in Europe.
    Jurek Vengels of Friends of the Earth Germany (BUND), Germany declared: “The challenge is that none of these products have been tested to assure consumers that they are safe. Product manufacturers and distributors bear the burden of proof to demonstrate the safety of their products. If there is no independent health and safety review of each product as it is formulated, then the products should be taken off the market.”
    Jaydee Hanson from the International Center for Technology Assessment, which has filed legal challenges to the US Environmental Policy Agency and the Food and Drug Administration, called “for the protection of workers and the public from exposure to nanomaterials that have not been proven safe.”
    Paolo Martins, Coordinator of the Brazilian Research Network in Nanotechnology, Society and the Environment called for review of nanotechnologies that will have wide-ranging effects on workers and consumers in the developing world. He noted that there must be, “full consideration of the ethical and social impacts of these technologies.”
    Claudia Neubauer of Fondation Sciences Citoyennes (France) called for “full and meaningful public participation in decisions about research and innovations related to nanotechnologies.”
    Ian Illuminato of Friends of the Earth-US demanded that “a full lifecycle analysis must be completed prior to any commercialization of nano-products.”
    Dorothée Browaeys, Director General of VivAgora (France) noted that “nanomaterials must be classified as new substances and subject to nano-specific regulation. France has initiated mandatory declaration for producers and importers, this should be expanded to include all formulators and retailers of products containing nanomaterials. Other countries should do likewise.”
    Louise Duprez from the European Environmental Bureau in Brussels called upon the European Commission to “rapidly agree on a definition for nanomaterials and propose long-awaited legislation to ensure that their applications are safe for people’s health and the environment”.
    Pat Mooney, Executive Director of the ETC Group, with offices in Canada, the Philippines, Mexico, and the US called for a moratorium on the commercialization of nano-products, but noted that all “Nano-industries must be fully accountable for liabilities caused by their products if they come on the market.”
    Participants included the following organisations:
    Contact
    Contact of BUND is Jurek Vengels: Mobile: 0049-176-99298853, E-Mail Jurek.vengels@bund.net ; internet: www.bund.net



    Fonte: European Environmental Bureau

    quarta-feira, 19 de outubro de 2011

    Nano definition too narrow says EEB


    STATEMENT
    [October 18th, Brussels] - The European Environmental Bureau (EEB) is deeply disappointed by the European Commission’s decision released today to use a narrow definition for the term “nanomaterial”, indicating that industry lobbying has won over the Commission’s own scientific advisors [1]. 
    EEB did however welcome the fact that a recommendation was adopted and hopes this will clear the way for the EU to actually start regulating on this.
    “Definition is an important first step but does nothing to allow a robust assessment to be made about their safety, let alone take measures to control risks. If the Commission will take as long to do this as they did to develop the definition, more member states will develop their own initiatives as France already did, leading to even more uncertainty for industry and consumers” said Louise Duprez, Nanotechnology policy officer at EEB.
    It is completely unclear from the Commission’s publication how the threshold was multiplied by 50 from the original 1% when scientists had in fact called for a 0.15% threshold [2].
    EEB had called upon the Commission to stick to a 1% threshold of the particle number size distribution as a way to put under scrutiny, certain materials, which may exhibit nano specific hazardous properties in the larger size range [3].
    Contact:
    Louise Duprez, EEB Nanotechnology policy officer, louise.duprez@eeb.org, +32 (0) 2 289 13 07
    Editor notes:

    _________________________________________________________

    REFLEXÃO:

    Se vocês lembrarem eu fiz o comentário posterior exatamente sobre esse problema de se destacar uma nanopartícula apenas no limitador de 01 a 100 nm, sendo que em 101 nm não passará por avaliação de riscos e demais situações.

    A União Europeia caiu no lobby das empresas e isso pode gerar problemas vindouros. Poderá gerar a situação de uma empresa produzir um nanomaterial que contenha 101 nm (nanômetros) o que acarretará não passar por certos parâmetros de investigação de risco à saúde e meio ambiente.

    Cuidado, PRECAUÇÃO, REGULAÇÃO, lembremos que no Brasil estamos iniciando uma carga forte de pesquisas com nanotecnologia. Se você fosse uma empresa/empresário, produziria qual nanopartícula? Acredita que Anvisa e Inmentro conseguem investigar com celeridade e precisão no estado da arte que encontramos?

    Vejam:
    a) CIEL welcomes new EU definition of nanomaterials as a necessary step towards assuring safety

    BRASONN- Escola Brasileira de Nanociências e Nanotecnologias


    DE 07 A 11 de NOVEMBRO DE 2011
    A Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), sempre comprometida com a excelência no ensino e pesquisa, tornou-se a primeira universidade da América Latina a lançar um programa de Engenharia em Nanotecnologia.
    Para marcar o primeiro ano deste programa a PUC-Rio promove a BRASONN-Escola Brasileira de Nanociências e Nanotecnologias - uma escola de alto nível voltada para graduados, estudantes de pós-graduação e recém-doutores, com o apoio do MCT, Petrobras, CNPq, CAPES e do PROGRAMA ARCUS BRASIL-REGIÃO RHÔNE-ALPES 2007.
    Inscreva-se e participe dos minicursos gratuitamente.
    Paralelamente à realização da escola, dois outros eventos serão realizados:
    1. BRASONN-JR: Escola de Nanotecnologia para Ensino Médio e Engenharia. Introdução à Nanotecnologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Experiências em laboratório.
    2. NanoBusiness: Exposição e Workshop dirigidos para o setor produtivo com a participação de palestrantes nacionais e internacionais e de empresas atuantes na área da nanotecnologia.
    Metas da BRASONN:
    • Integração Empresa-Universidade em nível nacional e cooperação internacional
    • Discussão sobre programas de nível superior em Nanotecnologia e Nanociências.
    • A integração universidade e empresa
    • Integração de pesquisadores em nível nacional e a cooperação internacional
    • As oportunidades em inovações que brotam do meio científico
    • O Mercado Profissional do Engenheiro em Nanotecnologia

    BRASONN é uma escola de alto nível, em Nanociências e Nanotecnologias, voltadas para graduados, estudantes de pós-graduação e recém-doutores, brasileiros e estrangeiros
    A BRASONN é uma iniciativa da PUC-Rio em colaboração com o PROGRAMA ARCUS BRASIL-REGIÃO RHÔNE-ALPES 2007 e apoio do CNPq, CAPES e Petrobras.
    O objetivo deste projeto é o de estabelecer novos laços entre as Universidades brasileiras e aproximá-las dos organismos da região de Grenoble e de Lyon, buscando uma parceria em torno dos temas Nanociências e Nanotecnologias, através de um programa de intercâmbio de professores e estudantes. O apoio financeiro para esta iniciativa vem de órgãos de fomento à pesquisa e de empresas nacionais e internacionais. Seu objetivo é atrair jovens cientistas brasileiros trabalhando no campo da Nanociência e estabelecer novos laços entre a cidade do Rio de Janeiro e outros centros de excelência brasileiros e europeus.
    ESCOPO
    Esta escola de uma semana é destinada a proporcionar formação para graduados, estudantes de pós-graduação e recém-doutores e jovens cientistas de laboratórios e universidades brasileiras e francesas no domínio das NANOCIÊNCIAS e NANOTECNOLOGIAS, nas áreas de Física,Materiais, Biologia e Química. O Comitê Científico da BRASONN é formado por renomados pesquisadores e professores em Nanociências e Nanotecnologias de universidades brasileiras e francesas.
    A originalidade da escola consiste em dar igual importância aos trabalhos práticos em laboratório e aos cursos teóricos dados pelos especialistas brasileiros e internacionais.
    Os cursos acadêmicos e práticos cobrem a elaboração, função e caracterização de nanoestruturas. O programa enfatiza o papel dos cursos de laboratório.
    Participantes de universidades francesas serão patrocinados pelo programa PROGRAMAARCUS BRASIL-REGIÃORHÔNE-ALPES 2007.
    Justificativa
    Hoje as Nanociências e Nanotecnologias constituem um campo importante e de rápido crescimento, tanto em pesquisa fundamental como no âmbito industrial, devido ao grande potencial destas novas aplicações para o desenvolvimento econômico. Progressos no domínio das Nanociências e Nanotecnologias são caracterizados pela interação simultânea entre a investigação fundamental e a produção em massa de nano-objetos. Em todo o mundo, muitos centros de investigação desenvolveram instalações de grande escala, adequadas para a ciência básica ou para produção em massa. O Brasil oferece uma grande variedade de instalações voltadas para investigação científica que poderão ser utilizadas para um treinamento prático de jovens investigadores em muitos campos da Física, Química e Biologia.
    Neste contexto, gostaríamos de promover uma Escola Brasileira em Nanociência e Nanotecnologia para aprendizagem avançada baseada em pesquisa de ponta. Em colaboração, com universidades brasileiras e parceiros internacionais, pretende-se montar anualmente um programa de uma semana durante o qual os alunos possam frequentar cursos e palestras. O objetivo desse treinamento é oferecer aos jovens investigadores uma visão estruturada dos princípios envolvidos na elaboração e no funcionamento de nano-componentes e nano-máquinas. Este programa se dirige em particular os estudantes de pós-graduação e pesquisadores de pós-doutorado, incentivando-os a entrar na área. Estudantes de várias faculdades passam uma semana juntos, participando de uma experiência de aprendizagem intensiva, que irá promover o seu trabalho para além do doutorado.
    ORGANIZAÇÃO
    Esta primeira edição da BRASONN será realizada no Rio de Janeiro, na semana de 07 a 11 de Novembro de 2011.
    Os candidatos desta escola são alunos matriculados em um programa de doutorado numa universidade, pós-doutorandos e jovens cientistas de laboratórios acadêmicos e industriais.
    O programa está estruturado para destacar os avanços fundamentais e tecnológicos no domínio da Nanotecnologia e na sua interface com a Biologia, sempre destacando seu impacto para o setor produtivo.
    O impacto das inovações da Nanotecnologia é inevitável e vai impulsionar diversos setores econômicos, como eletroeletrônica ,energia, construção civil, biomedicina e proteção ambiental.
    Observa-se, em nível mundial, a exponencial do progresso científico e tecnológico disponibilizando sofisticados equipamentos, computadores e uma gama de modelos matemáticos e técnicas computacionais capazes de realizar um avanço significativo da Nanociência e da Nanotecnologia , num curto espaço de tempo. Para isso, são necessários não só cientistas, mas também engenheiros e técnicos.
    A primeira Escola Brasileira de Nanociências e Nanotecnologias servirá também para discutir, no contexto nacional, o ensino desses temas em programas de graduação como já vem acontecendo na UFRJ e na PUC-Rio que, no ano de 2010, lançaram, respectivamente, o bacharelado e a Engenharia em Nanotecnologia.
    O ensino da Nanotecnologia vai demandar não só a concepção e a uniformização de novos programas acadêmicos mas, também, um novo projeto pedagógico que se proponha a contribuir para a desmistificação da ciência e tecnologia como apoio de recursos especiais e metodologias de ensino transformadoras e que busque valorizar a educação científica básica e o significado da C&T para uma sociedade moderna que visa o desenvolvimento pessoal e coletivo.
    Os cientistas e professores de hoje formarão os futuros profissionais em Nanotecnologia. Estes terão que reunir conhecimentos profundos em diversas áreas da ciência e tecnologia: Física,Química, Eletrônica, Computação,Ciência de Materiais, Biologia e Engenharias,para liderar as mudanças nas indústrias de base (mecânica, mineração, petróleo e outros) e nas indústrias de bens de consumo (eletrônica, telecomunicações,transporte, cosméticos,biotecnologia, fertilizantes, fármacos, cimento,tintas, polímeros, meio ambiente, etc).
    A Nanotecnologia também é tema de interesse de incubadoras e parques tecnológicos ligados às instituições de ensino e pesquisa, pois abre excepcionais oportunidades para o empreendedorismo: mundialmente, a maioria das empresas de Nanotecnologia nasce como spin-offs em universidades elaboratórios de pesquisa, a partir da patente de produtos inovadores.
    Aproveitando o encontro de tantos interessados na área, a BRASONN 2011 será, portanto, um fórum avançado de colocação, discussão e congraçamento em torno de temas importantes relacionados à Nanotecnologia e Nanociências.
    Abrangência temática e periodicidade
    Espera-se transformar o BRASONN num evento anual que possa dar continuidade aos assuntos abordados nesta edição e também discutir novos assuntos que, com certeza, surgirão, haja vista que a área está em desenvolvimento .
    Público-Alvo
    Os candidatos desta escola são alunos matriculados em um programa de doutorado numa universidade, pós-doutorandos e jovens cientistas de laboratórios acadêmicos.
    O programa está estruturado para destacar os avanços fundamentais e tecnológicos no domínio da Nanotecnologia e na sua interface coma Biologia, sempre destacando seu impacto para o setor produtivo.
    Inscrições
    As inscrições deverão ser feitas pela Internet, neste link.
    Empresas poderão também solicitar a inscrição de seus empregados que cumpram com os requisitos exigidos.
    Fonte: BRASONN